How Bacteria Handle Copper
نویسنده
چکیده
Copper in biological systems presents a formidable problem: it is essential for life, yet highly reactive and a potential source of cell damage. Tight control of copper is thus a cellular necessity. To meet this challenge, cells have evolved pumps for transmembranous transport, chaperones for intracellular routing, oxidases and reductases to change the oxidation state of copper, and regulators to control gene expression in response to copper. These systems are complemented by specific mechanisms for the insertion of copper into enzymes. Copper homeostasis has evolved early in evolution and some components have been conserved from bacteria to humans. This has allowed researchers to apply knowledge across phyla and even involving human copper homeostatic diseases to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of cellular copper homeostasis. After an introduction to the properties of copper and its role in biological systems, some of the best studied bacterial systems for copper homeostasis will be discussed. D. Magnani · M. Solioz
منابع مشابه
Bioleaching of Copper from Low-Grade Ore Using Isolated Bacteria and Defined Mixed Cultures
متن کامل
Isolation and characterization of phenol degrading bacteria from Midok copper mine at Shahrbabk provenance in Iran
Phenol is one of the major aromatic pollutants among variety of toxic compounds. Phenol is a man- made as well as a naturally occurring aromatic compound and an important intermediate in the biodegradation of natural and industrial aromatic compounds. To clean up the aromatic contaminated sites a bioremediation method is considered as an economical and safe approach for the environment. In this...
متن کاملCopper Chaperone CupA and Zinc Control CopY Regulation of the Pneumococcal cop Operon
Any metal in excess can be toxic; therefore, metal homeostasis is critical to bacterial survival. Bacteria have developed specialized metal import and export systems for this purpose. For broadly toxic metals such as copper, bacteria have evolved only export systems. The copper export system (cop operon) usually consists of the operon repressor, the copper chaperone, and the copper exporter. In...
متن کاملIsolation and characterization of bacteria resistant to metallic copper surfaces.
Metallic copper alloys have recently attracted attention as a new antimicrobial weapon for areas where surface hygiene is paramount. Currently it is not understood on a molecular level how metallic copper kills microbes, but previous studies have demonstrated that a wide variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile, are inactivated within min...
متن کاملOptimization of parameters affecting recovery of copper from Sarcheshmeh low-grade sulfide ore using Bioleaching
In this work, the parameters affecting the recovery of copper from the low-grade sulfide minerals of Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine were studied. A low-grade sulfide ore was used with a copper grade of 0.25%, which was about 28% of the mineral oxide, and the sulfide minerals made up the rest. Much more sulfide minerals were found to be pyrite and most of the gangue minerals were quartz, anorthite, bio...
متن کامل